Mantle.



C. M. LUNGREN.

MANTLE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 27. 1907.

Patented Feb. 4, 1913.

A77" NEYS.

coLuMmA PLANouRAPM coNw-Asumavou. L l:4

vr" v' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES M. LUNGREN, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGrNOR.y TO SAFETY CARHEATING 8c LIGHTING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MANTLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb.v4=, 1913.

T0 @ZZ 207mm it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES M. LUNGREN,residing at Bayonne, in the county of Hudson and State ofNew Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mantles, of whichthe following is a full,

clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to devices of that class commonly known asincandescent mantles, and also concerns unitary devices of this naturewhich are provided wit-h means adapting them for being readily attachedto and detached from a gas burner. Since, however, certain advantagescharacteristic of this invention prominently appear when it is used as amantle unit comprising a support permanently carrying an inverted.double-walled mantle, it will be conducive to clearness to hereindisclose it through such embodiment.

One of the principal objects of this invention is to produce a mantleunit including a support adapted to be detachably secured to a burnerand permanently carrying a mantle of pronounced strength and durabilityby constructing it of a number of walls or layers, each of which adheresto and mutually supports and reinforces its neighbor.

Another object within the contemplation of this invention, is to devisea mantle unit which. while being possessed of an unusual degree ofstrengt-h and durability, will be capable of being made more cheaply andexpeditiously than those heretofore produced.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combinations of elements and arrangement of parts which will beexemplified in the construction hereinaff ter set forth. and the scopeof the application of which will be indicated in the fol-v lowing claim.

As conducive to a better understanding of this invention, it may here benoted that hitherto such mantles as have formed a permanent member of amantle unit have not possessed as high a degree of strength anddurability as has been deemed desirable, and when such mantles have beensubmitted lto a use in which they undergo considerable vibration, theytend to rapidly deteriorate.

The herein-described unit, consisting of a support in a plural-walledmantle, will be herein disclosed in conjunction with what is deemed tobe a simple and satisfactory method of making the same, which methodconstitutes the subject matter of my co-pending application, Serial No.370,617, filed April 27th, 1907, but it is to be understood that othermethods may be employed to produce a mantle unit made in accordancewit-h the appended claim.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown one of the variouspossible embodiments of my invention, like characters of referencedenote corresponding parts through all the figures, of which- Figure 1is an elevation showing a preliminary step in which a mandrel has beeninserted midway into a tubular blank, and a draw string has beenpositioned preparatory to strangulating the blank adjacent the ends ofthe mandrel; Fig. 2 illustrates a further step in which the blank hasbeen drawn into the shape of an hour glass; Fig. 3 illustrates asubsequent step showing the free end of the blank being telescoped overthe portion supported by the mandrel; Fig. 4 illustrates the completionof the telescoping, with a residual small opening at the end of theblank; Fig. 5 is a like view showing the small opening closed bydarnings or weavings of strands; Fig. 6 shows the blank mounted on asuitable mantle support and having its edges countersunk and cementedinto a groove adjacent the end of said support; Fig. 7 shows a mantleunit in finished form, after having been shrunk and burned. 'Turning nowto the accompanying drawings,.a tubular blank l of woven fabric is firstobtained, and such'blank is gathered together or strangulated at a pointintermediate its ends. This may most conven- Viently, be done byinserting midway into the blank a mandrel 2 having a rounded end 3. Anordinary test tube of suitable size is well adapted to serve as amandrel for this purpose, being inexpensive and readily obtainable andhaving a smooth surface adapting it for being freely inserted into andwithdrawn from the blank. A draw string- 4f is preferably threadedaround the circumference of the blank at a point adjacent the roundedend of the mandrel, and this string is then tightened as shown by Fig.2, thus bringing the tubular blank into approximately the shape of anhour glass. The

2?.. noaa-,eos

outer or free portion of the blank may now be reversed or telescopedover the portion supported by the mandrel, as shown by F 3. and the twoportions of the blank may then be drawn tightly over the mandrel asshown by Fig. il, so as to cause the blank to conform closely in shapeto said mandrel. lu practice it will be observed that the blank thusldrawn over the mandrel has a small aperture 5 iii its end. Having thusbrought. the blank in the condition illustrated by Fig. Tl. the smallaperture may be closed by darnii'ig's of a suitable thread` asillustrated by t4 in Fira G. The capsule-shaped blank, lniringi a doublewall thickness, is now rea-dy for cleansiirn'.` saturation and mountingupon the tubular support. After being cleansed and freed from oils,greases and Various other,impurities7 the capsu'lcsshaped blank is driedand then saturated with av suitable ,illuminant solution, and then drawntightly over a form while wet and allowed to dry to the desired extent,either in the air or by a gentle oven heat. ln this operation the twothicknesses of fabric foii'ming the dou* ble wall ofthe blank arepressed tightly together and adhere so as to form substantiall.- asingle layer. To render more positive the union between the, contacting'surfaces7 l prefer to use fabric which is rough on one side and to bringthe rougl'i faces or surfaces together. The saturated fabric ispreferably allowed to dry until it is only slightly ino-ist. instead ofquite dry7 inasmuch as it is much easier to manipulate it in thisslightly moist condition in the subsequent operations. The impregnatedblank may now be mounted upon a suitable tubular support or spool 9,thoroughly dried7 in cinerated, and then brought to tinal shape andhardness by a suitable flame. The blank may be mounted on a suitablemantle supeither in the manner disclosed in my copending processapplication. Serial No.

370,617," sied apra 27th, 1907,' in which ai@ end arrived at is`illustrated by Fig'. 6, or

Various other ways,'a.s for example in the land durable.

mantle of the unit comprises a plurality ot manner described by myUnited States Pattent No. 845,185.

It will thus be seen that. the above-disclosed unitary deyice is onewell adapted to achieve the ends and objects aforesaid. Structurally itis exceedingly simple.l strongl @wingn to the fact that the adheringwalls, it will be seen that these wallsl mutually reinforce and supportone another and the mantle is thus capable of enduring shocks andstrains to an extent far exceeding single wall inantles.

The herein described composite mantle. because possessiil` a pluralityof adhering:Y walls, is well adapted for relatively rough usage such asthat common to railroad serrice. Furthermore7 the cost of production. ofsuch a mantle unitl is Very low, and it adapted for being manufacturedin large quantities.

As many changes could be made .in the above construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be madewithout departing' from the scope thereof, it is intended that allmatter contained in. the above description or shown in the accompanyingdrawings shall be interpreted as illustrativi and not in a limitingsense.

Haring described my invention, what lv claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is In lighting apparatus. a mantle comprising twointertitted tubular walls cuiwing` inwardly at their lower portions tosuch a point as will substantially close the lower end of the mantle andclosely fitting' one another throughout and having both walls yrigidlyand permanently secured at their `upper open ends throughout the edge ofvthe mantle to a suitable support.

port or spool prior to being incinerated, y

In testimony whereof I atliX my signature, in the presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES M. LUNGREN.

lVitnesses G. R. Jnwn'r'r, E. E. ALLI-inn.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

